An Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless system is considered for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) from a multi-antenna base station (BS) to single-antenna users. For this system, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) to analyze the trade-off between the system energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) by optimizing the beamformer at the BS, power splitting (PS) ratio at each user, and the RIS phase-shift taking into account the maximum transmit power, minimum harvested power, and the continuous phase-shift constraint. The investigated problem is a type of NP-hard problem that cannot be solved with traditional methods. Hence to solve the optimization problem, a learning-based solution based on Meta Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (Meta-DDPG) method is presented to analyze the trade-off. Simulation results are presented to illustrate this trade-off under different number of users and weighting factor in the MOOP. Also, superiority of Meta-DDPG over DDPG, TD3, and Genetic Algorithm is illustrated.
Farhadi, A. (2026). Meta-Learning Approach to Optimize Energy-Efficiency and Spectral-Efficiency Trade-off in IRS-Aided SWIPT. (e5326). Journal of Communication Engineering, (), e5326 https://doi.org/10.22070/jce.2026.20679.1284
MLA
Farhadi, A. "Meta-Learning Approach to Optimize Energy-Efficiency and Spectral-Efficiency Trade-off in IRS-Aided SWIPT" .e5326 , Journal of Communication Engineering, , 2026, e5326. doi: 10.22070/jce.2026.20679.1284
HARVARD
Farhadi, A. (2026). 'Meta-Learning Approach to Optimize Energy-Efficiency and Spectral-Efficiency Trade-off in IRS-Aided SWIPT', Journal of Communication Engineering, (), e5326. doi: 10.22070/jce.2026.20679.1284
CHICAGO
Farhadi, A., "Meta-Learning Approach to Optimize Energy-Efficiency and Spectral-Efficiency Trade-off in IRS-Aided SWIPT." Journal of Communication Engineering, (2026): e5326, doi: 10.22070/jce.2026.20679.1284
VANCOUVER
Farhadi A. Meta-Learning Approach to Optimize Energy-Efficiency and Spectral-Efficiency Trade-off in IRS-Aided SWIPT. Journal of Communication Engineering. 2026;():e5326. doi: 10.22070/jce.2026.20679.1284